“电机工作象限：你知道吗？这可能影响设备性能哦！””Motor Working Quadrant: Did You Know? This may affect the performance of your device. ”  

曾有几次面试工程师的时候，我询问了一种电机工作情况并请对方说明此时电机工作在第几象限，对方表示没有听过所谓“第几象限”这个说法。当然我这样面试并不是存心显摆或者刁难他人，我也没有将这个回答结果作为重点评价之一。但也发现确实很多人不知道这个概念。  相信很多搞传动的应该都会了解对电机工作象限的解和分析是有助于日常的调试工作或者问题的解决的。
There were several times when I interviewed engineers, I asked about the working condition of a motor and asked the other party to explain the working quadrant of the motor at this time, and the other party said that he had not heard the so-called “quadrant”. Of course, I didn’t do this interview with the intention of showing off or making things difficult for others, and I didn’t use this answer as one of the key evaluations. But it is also found that many people do not know this concept.  I believe that many people engaged in transmission should understand that the solution and analysis of the working quadrant of the motor is helpful for daily debugging work or problem solving.

我们先上一张图：  Let’s start with the previous image:

现在我们一起了解这篇内容，电机工作象限  从上图可以看出，电机是有四个象限的，电机什么时候工作在哪个象限呢？  
Now let’s understand this content together, motor working quadrant As can be seen from the above figure, there are four quadrants for motors, and when does the motor work in which quadrant?

• 在第一象限时，电机的转速和转矩都是正的，此时工作在正转电动状态。
  In the first quadrant, the speed and torque of the motor are positive, and the motor works in the positive and electric state.

• 在第二象限时，电机的转速是正的，转矩都是负的，此时工作在正转发电状态 。 
  In the second quadrant, the speed of the motor is positive, the torque is negative, and the work is in the state of positive power generation.

• 在第三象限时，电机的转速和转矩都是负的，此时工作在反转电动状态  
  In the third quadrant, the speed and torque of the motor are negative, and the operation is in the reverse electric state

• 在第四象限时，电机的转速是负的，转矩都是正的。 At the fourth quadrant, the speed of the motor is negative and the torque is positive.

此时工作在反转发电状态  了解了这些有什么用呢？  首先，某些电机工作的场合，变频器选型是否适合。
At this time, the work is in the reverse power generation state, what is the use of understanding this?  First of all, in some motor working occasions, whether the inverter selection is suitable.

1. 如某设备电机，长期处于第二，四象限，那么我们普通的二象限变频器是否能满足工况？如果不能满足，如何解决？  
1. If the motor of a certain equipment is in the second and fourth quadrants for a long time, can our ordinary two-quadrant inverter meet the working conditions? If not, how to solve it?

2. 当电机在正转时进行制动，此时电机工作在第几象限，驱动电机的变频器经常出现报警，如直流母线电压过高，如何解决？  所以对于电机工作于第几象限的分析，有助于我们更好的进行电气控制设计，提前解决可能面临的问题。
2. When the motor brakes when it is in the forward rotation, the motor works in the first few quadrants, and the inverter that drives the motor often has an alarm, such as the DC bus voltage is too high, how to solve it?  Therefore, the analysis of the motor working in the first quadrant will help us to better design the electrical control and solve the problems that may be faced in advance.

由于有些电机长期处于第二，四象限工作，所以在设计制造变频器时，提供了两种类型供电气设计人员选择，一种是大家常用的两象限变频器，一种就是能够反馈电能的四象限变频器，如西门子PM250.如果面对这种工况，基于对上述知识的了解，我们才会明白原来需要选择四象限变频器才可以应对。  
Because some motors are in the second and four-quadrant work for a long time, so when designing and manufacturing inverters, two types of power supply gas designers are provided to choose, one is the commonly used two-quadrant inverter, and the other is the four-quadrant inverter that can feedback electric energy, such as Siemens PM250.

而在非常多的场合，由于电机在制动过程中，电机处于发电状态，此时电机相当于一个发电机，电能反馈到变频器，到达直流母线两端，根本变频器的基本原因，此时直流电线上的电容开始充电，但一旦电容消耗不了，反馈电压高于母线阀值，此时变频器就会报警，直流母线电压过高，如何解决呢，此时我们可以通过增加制动电阻，通过其做功来消耗，这就是为什么有些场合需要增加制动电阻的目的。
And in many occasions, because the motor is in the braking process, the motor is in the state of power generation, at this time the motor is equivalent to a generator, the electric energy is fed back to the inverter, reaching both ends of the DC bus, the basic reason of the fundamental inverter, at this time the capacitor on the DC wire begins to charge, but once the capacitor can not be consumed, the feedback voltage is higher than the bus threshold, at this time the inverter will alarm, the DC bus voltage is too high, how to solve it, at this time we can increase the braking resistance, through its work to consume, That’s why there are occasions when it is necessary to increase the braking resistor.