电磁阀一般选用直动式低功耗通用型，工作原理：通电时，电磁线圈产生电磁力克服弹簧力，使得对应气路导通，比如电磁阀进气口和工作口相通；断电时，电磁力消失，在弹簧力的作用下转换气路，比如电磁阀放空口和工作口相通。
The solenoid valve generally chooses the direct-acting low-power universal type, and the working principle is: when energized, the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic force to overcome the spring force, so that the corresponding air path is conducted, such as the air inlet and the working port of the solenoid valve are connected; When the power is off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the gas path is converted under the action of the spring force, such as the solenoid valve vent and the working port are connected.
1 Reasons and solutions for the solenoid valve to not be in the corresponding gas path when excitation:
2 检查电源接线是否不良→重新接线； 2. Check whether the power wiring is defective → rewire;
3 检查电源电压是否在±工作范围→调致正常位置范围；
3. Check whether the power supply voltage is within the ± working range → adjust to the normal position range;
4 线圈是否脱焊→重新焊接； 4. Whether the coil is desoldered → re-soldered;
5 线圈烧坏→更换线圈； 5. Replace the coil → burned out;
6 有杂质使电磁阀阀芯卡死→进行清洗,如密封损坏应更换密封。
6. If there are impurities, the solenoid valve spool is stuck→ be cleaned, and the seal should be replaced if the seal is damaged.
7 电磁阀失电时不能处在应对应的气路的原因和解决方案：
7 Reasons and solutions for the solenoid valve to not be in the corresponding gas path when the power is lost:
8 阀芯密封件已损坏→更换密封件； 8. The spool seal is damaged→ replace the seal;
9 有杂质进入电磁阀阀芯→进行清洗； 9. Impurities enter the solenoid valve spool → be cleaned;
10 弹簧寿命已到或变形→更换； 10. The spring life has reached or is deformed→ replaced;
11 节流孔平衡孔堵塞→及时清洗。 11. Throttle holes, balance holes, blocked → clean them in time.
12 通常情况下，电磁阀励磁时不能处在应对应气路的故障概率要大于电磁阀失电时不能处在应对应气路（即电磁阀弹簧复位时对应的气路）的故障概率。
12. Under normal circumstances, the failure probability that the solenoid valve cannot be in the response gas circuit when it is excited is greater than that when the solenoid valve loses power, it cannot be in the response gas path (that is, the corresponding gas path when the solenoid valve spring is reset).
对于单电磁阀配置而言，失电联锁在故障安全性方面要远好于得电联锁。
For a single solenoid configuration, a power-loss interlock is far better in terms of fail-safe than a power-off interlock.
失电联锁不能执行联锁的因素： Factors that fail to perform interlocking in a power loss interlock:
电磁阀失电时不能处在应对应的气路； When the solenoid valve loses power, it cannot be in the corresponding gas path;
得电联锁不能执行联锁的因素： Factors that cannot perform interlocking with power interlocking:
信号电缆断线； signal cable breakage;
控制室电源故障； power failure in the control room;
电磁阀励磁时不能处在应对应的气路； When the solenoid valve is excited, it cannot be in the corresponding gas path;双电磁阀配置失电联锁和得电联锁在故障安全性方面示意性比较如下：
The schematic comparison of the double solenoid valve configuration of power-loss interlock and power-gain interlock in terms of fault safety is as follows:
失电联锁不能执行联锁的因素：
Factors that fail to perform interlocking in a power loss interlock:
两个电磁阀中任何一个电磁阀失电时不能处在应对应的气路；
When any one of the two solenoid valves loses power, it cannot be in the corresponding gas path;
得电联锁不能执行联锁的因素：
Factors that cannot perform interlocking with power interlocking:
两路信号电缆全部断线； Both signal cables are disconnected;
两路联锁信号控制室电源全部故障； The power supply of the two-way interlocking signal control room is all faulty;
两个电磁阀励磁时都不能处在应对应的气路。公众号《机械工程文萃》，工程师的加油站！
When the two solenoid valves are excited, they cannot be in the corresponding gas path. The public account “Mechanical Engineering Wencui”, the engineer’s gas station!
图四所示切断阀（FC）电磁阀正常励磁，1-2通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀打开；联锁时电磁阀失电，1-3通，切断阀膜头放空，切断阀关闭
Figure 4 shows that the shut-off valve (FC) solenoid valve is normally excited, 1-2 passes, the instrument purification air is cleared to cut off the membrane head of the valve, and the shut-off valve is opened; When the solenoid valve loses power during interlocking, 1-3 passes, the membrane head of the shut-off valve is emptied, and the shut-off valve is closed
图五所示切断阀（FC）电磁阀正常失电，1-2通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀打开；
The shut-off valve (FC) solenoid valve shown in Figure 5 is normally de-energized, 1-2 passes, the instrument purification air is cleared and the membrane head of the shut-off valve is opened;
图六所示切断阀（FO）电磁阀正常励磁，1-2通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀关闭；联锁时电磁阀失电，1-3通，切断阀膜头放空，切断阀打开。
The shut-off valve (FO) solenoid valve shown in Figure 6 is normally excited, 1-2 passes, the instrument purification air is cleared and the shut-off valve is closed; When the solenoid valve loses power during interlocking, 1-3 passes, the membrane head of the shut-off valve is emptied, and the shut-off valve is opened.
图七所示切断阀（FO）电磁阀正常失电，1-3通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀关闭；联锁时电磁阀得电，1-2通，切断阀膜头放空，切断阀打开。
The shut-off valve (FO) solenoid valve shown in Figure 7 has normal power loss, 1-3 passes, the instrument purification air passes the shut-off valve membrane head, and the shut-off valve is closed; When interlocking, the solenoid valve is energized, 1-2 passes, the shut-off valve diaphragm head is emptied, and the shut-off valve is opened.
图八所示切断阀（FC）电磁阀正常得电，1-2通，切断阀膜头放空，切断阀关闭；联锁时电磁阀失电，1-3通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀打开。
The shut-off valve (FC) solenoid valve shown in Figure 8 is normally energized, 1-2 passes, the shut-off valve diaphragm head is empty, and the shut-off valve is closed; When the solenoid valve loses power during interlocking, 1-3 passes, the instrument purification air passes through the shut-off valve membrane head, and the shut-off valve is opened.
图九所示切断阀（FC）电磁阀正常失电，1-3通，切断阀膜头放空，切断阀关闭；联锁时电磁阀得电，1-2通，仪表净化风通切断阀膜头，切断阀打开。
The shut-off valve (FC) solenoid valve shown in Figure 9 loses power normally, 1-3 passes, the shut-off valve diaphragm head is vented, and the shut-off valve is closed; When interlocking, the solenoid valve is energized, 1-2 passes, the instrument purification air is cleared to cut off the valve membrane head, and the shut-off valve is opened.
逻辑图需要根据不同的工艺过程、不同的工艺联锁和操作要求及不同的仪表配置作具体分析设计，图十仅作示例性说明，不同的要求对应不同的逻辑设计。本例为失电联锁，切断阀（FC）关闭。现场设手动关/开阀按钮，DCS或SIS设软手动关/开阀按钮，操作员可以根据需要在现场或控制室执行关/开阀指令，其中开阀指令只有在没有联锁条件存在或发生过联锁但已经复位时才有效。
The logic diagram needs to be analyzed and designed according to different processes, different process interlocking and operation requirements and different instrument configurations, and Figure 10 is only an illustrative illustration, and different requirements correspond to different logic designs. In this case, the power loss interlock and the shut-off valve (FC) are closed. With a manual shut-off/open button on site and a soft manual shut-off/open button on the DCS or SIS, the operator can perform the shut-off/open command on site or in the control room as needed, where the open-off command is only valid when no interlock condition exists or an interlock has occurred but has been reset.
如果没有工艺过程参数参与联锁，只有现场和控制室手动关/开阀按钮，可以取消RS触发器。公众号《机械工程文萃》，工程师的加油站！根据操作岗位划分和不同工艺要求，也可以考虑将手动开阀指令和复位指令做”OR”运算后，接入RS触发器的复位端R端或不单设复位按钮，这样可以取消一个RS触发器
If no process parameters are involved in the interlock, only the manual valve close/open button in the field and in the control room can cancel the RS trigger. The public account “Mechanical Engineering Wencui”, the engineer’s gas station! According to the division of operating positions and different process requirements, it can also be considered to do the “OR” operation of the manual valve opening command and the reset command, and then access the R end of the reset end of the RS flip-flop or not only set the reset button, so that an RS flip-flop can be canceled
提高装置安全性和有效防止误停车在石油化工装置中起着重要的作用，设计中需要综合考虑，按照ALARP原则采用合理的工程设计。采用双电磁阀配置实现切断阀电磁阀信号线路的冗余配置，以减少因电缆断线引起误停车的设计模式在很多石油化工装置中有着很好的应用实例，为一种有效的设计。
Improving plant safety and effectively preventing false shutdown plays an important role in petrochemical plants, and it is necessary to consider comprehensively in the design and adopt reasonable engineering design in accordance with ALARP principles. The design mode of double solenoid valve configuration to realize the redundant configuration of shut-off valve solenoid valve signal line to reduce the false stop caused by cable disconnection has a good application example in many petrochemical plants, which is an effective design.
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